Diabetes

FACTS ABOUT DIABETIC EYE DISEASE

What are diabetes problems?

Too much glucose in the blood for a long time can cause diabetes problems. This high blood glucose, also called blood sugar, can damage many parts of the body, such as the heart, blood vessels, eyes, and kidneys. Heart and blood vessel disease can lead to heart attacks and strokes. You can do a lot to prevent or slow down diabetes problems.

What can I do to prevent diabetes eye problems?

Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to normal as you can.Have your eyeclarity Optometrist examine your eyes once a year.
Have this exam even if your vision is OK. We will use drops to dilate your pupils, which allows us to see the back of your eye. Finding eye problems early and getting treatment right away will help prevent more serious problems later on. Additionally we will also check for signs of cataracts and glaucoma.
If you are pregnant and have diabetes, see us during your first 3 months.

How can diabetes hurt my eyes?

High blood glucose and high blood pressure from diabetes can hurt four parts of your eye:
The Retina - the lining at the back of the eye. The retina's job is to sense light coming into the eye.
The Vitreous - a jelly-like fluid that fills the back of the eye.
The Lens at the front of the eye focusing light on the retina.
The Optic nerve - the eye's main nerve to the brain

How can diabetes hurt the retina of my eye?

Retina damage happens slowly. Your retinas have tiny blood vessels that are easy to damage.
Having high blood glucose and high blood pressure for a long time can damage these tiny blood vessels.
First, these tiny blood vessels swell and weaken. Some blood vessels then become clogged and do not let enough blood through.
At first, you might not have any loss of sight from these changes. Have a dilated eye exam once a year even if your sight seems fine.
One of your eyes may be damaged more than the other. Or both eyes may have the same amount of damage.
Diabetic retinopathy is the medical term for the most common diabetes eye problem.

What happens as diabetes retina problems get worse?

As diabetes retina problems get worse, new blood vessels grow. These new blood vessels are weak. They break easily and leak blood into the vitreous of your eye. The leaking blood keeps light from reaching the retina.You may see floating spots or almost total darkness.
Sometimes the blood will clear out by itself. But you might need surgery to remove it. Over the years, the swollen and weak blood vessels can form scar tissue and pull the retina away from the back of the eye. If the retina becomes detached, you may see floating spots or flashing lights. You may feel as if a curtain has been pulled over part of what you are looking at. A detached retina can cause loss of sight or blindness if you don't take care of it right away. Call us right away if you are having any vision problems or if you have had a sudden change in your vision.

What can I do about diabetes retina problems?

First, keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to normal as you can.
Your eyeclarity Optometrist may monitor your condition or refer you to a retinal specialist for further treatment and surgery

How do I know if I have retina damage from diabetes?

You may not get any signs of diabetes retina damage or you may get one or more signs:
blurry or double vision rings, flashing lights, or blank spots dark or floating spots pain or pressure in one or both of your eyes trouble seeing things out of the corners of your eyes.

What other eye problems can diabetes cause?

You can get two other eye problems-cataracts and glaucoma. People without diabetes can get these eye problems, too. But people with diabetes get them more often and at a younger age. A cataract is a cloud over the lens of your eye, which is usually clear. The lens focuses light onto the retina. A cataract makes everything you look at seem cloudy. You need surgery to remove the cataract. During surgery your lens is taken out and a plastic lens, like a contact lens, is put in.

The plastic lens stays in your eye all the time. Cataract surgery helps you see clearly again.
Glaucoma starts from pressure building up in the eye. Over time, this pressure damages your eye's main nerve-the optic nerve. The damage first causes you to lose sight from the sides of your eyes. Treating glaucoma is usually simple. Your eye care professional will give you special drops to use every day to lower the pressure in your eye. Or your eye care professional may want you to have laser surgery.